Pulmonology


Pulmonology in interventional radiology involves minimally invasive procedures used to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the lungs and respiratory system. Interventional radiologists use image-guided techniques such as CT, ultrasound, and fluoroscopy to treat diseases such as lung cancer, pulmonary embolism, airway obstructions, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complications, and pleural effusion. These procedures offer patients a less invasive option with quicker recovery times, reduced pain, and fewer risks compared to traditional surgeries.

Minimally Invasive: Most procedures require only small punctures or no incisions at all, reducing trauma and discomfort.

Faster Recovery: These procedures have shorter recovery times, enabling patients to return to normal activities more quickly compared to open surgery.

Lower Risk of Complications: The use of image-guided techniques helps ensure precision, minimizing the risk of complications like infection, bleeding, or injury to surrounding tissues.

Effective for High-Risk Patients: These procedures are often a great option for patients who are not candidates for traditional surgery due to age, underlying health conditions, or other factors.

Percutaneous Lung Biopsy

A needle is inserted through the chest wall into the lung tissue under CT or ultrasound guidance to remove a sample for analysis. This procedure helps diagnose lung conditions such as lung cancer, infections, inflammatory diseases, or interstitial lung disease.

Chest Tube Insertion (Thoracostomy)

A chest tube is inserted into the pleural space (the area between the lungs and chest wall) to drain fluid or air. This procedure is commonly performed for conditions like pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or hemothorax and is guided by imaging to ensure accurate placement.

Pleurodesis

A procedure used to treat pleural effusion (excess fluid between the lungs and chest wall) or recurrent pneumothorax. A substance is introduced into the pleural space (typically talc or a sclerosing agent) to promote adhesion between the pleura and the chest wall, preventing fluid buildup and re-expanding the lung.

Percutaneous Tracheostomy

In this procedure, a small incision is made in the neck, and a tube is inserted directly into the trachea to help patients breathe, particularly those who require long-term mechanical ventilation. This method is less invasive than traditional surgical tracheostomy and is performed under local anesthesia with imaging guidance.

Endobronchial Stenting

A stent is placed in the bronchial tubes (airways) to keep them open in cases of airway obstruction, typically due to lung cancer, benign tumors, or scar tissue. The procedure is performed through a bronchoscope inserted into the airway, using fluoroscopy for guidance.

Embolization for Pulmonary Artery Bleeding or Tumors

This procedure is used to block blood flow to tumors or bleeding sites in the lungs by inserting an embolic agent (such as a coil or gel) through a catheter in the pulmonary arteries. It is commonly used for lung cancer treatment or to control hemoptysis (coughing up blood) from bleeding pulmonary vessels.

Pulmonary Artery Angioplasty and Stenting

This procedure is used to treat pulmonary artery stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary arteries), which may be caused by conditions such as pulmonary hypertension. A balloon is used to dilate the narrowed artery, and a stent may be placed to keep the artery open, improving blood flow.

  • Minimally Invasive: These procedures often involve small punctures or no incisions at all, minimizing trauma and leading to faster recovery and less pain compared to traditional surgery.
  • Quick Recovery: Most pulmonary procedures allow patients to return to normal activities within a short period, making them a great option for patients who cannot afford long recovery times.
  • Lower Risk of Complications: The use of image guidance allows for precise targeting, minimizing the risk of complications such as infection, bleeding, or injury to surrounding tissues.
  • Outpatient Treatment: Many interventional pulmonology procedures can be performed on an outpatient basis, meaning patients can return home the same day, avoiding lengthy hospital stays.
  • Targeted Treatment: These procedures can directly treat the affected area with minimal impact on surrounding tissues, offering greater precision than traditional surgery.
  • Preservation of Lung Function: For patients with lung cancer, pleural effusion, or airway obstructions, these procedures help preserve lung function and improve breathing, while offering a less invasive alternative to surgery.
  • Relief from Symptoms: Procedures like pleurodesis and airway stenting help alleviate symptoms such as breathing difficulties, chest pain, or persistent coughing associated with conditions like lung cancer and pleural effusion.

  • Patients with lung cancer who need a biopsy or a minimally invasive approach to treat tumors.
  • Individuals suffering from pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or other conditions causing fluid buildup or air accumulation in the lungs.
  • Those with airway obstructions due to lung tumors, scar tissue, or benign growths who may benefit from airway stenting.
  • Patients with chronic respiratory issues or pulmonary hypertension who require pulmonary artery interventions.
  • People requiring a tracheostomy or those with severe respiratory distress who need a more minimally invasive breathing support option.